Prof Denise Whitelock B.Sc. M.Ed Ph.D

I am Professor of Technology Enhanced Assessment and Learning in the Open University’s Institute of Educational Technology, with over twenty years experience in designing, researching and evaluating online and computer-based learning in Higher Education.

I am currently leading the UK’s contribution to the Adaptive Trust e-Assessment System for Learning (TeSLA) project, which started in January 2016 https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/six-million-pound-european-union-eu-project-aims-to-stamp-out-cheating-in-online-assessment. The overall objective of the TeSLA project is to define and develop an e-assessment system, which ensures learners authentication and authorship in online and blended learning environments while avoiding the time and physical space limitations imposed by face-to-face examination.

I am leading the UK's contribution to the European CODUR project http://in3.uoc.edu/opencms_in3/opencms/webs/projectes/codur/en/index.html This work builds on the digital tools already developed to measure the quality of online education and integrate thse into the EU's existing international ranking system, U-Multirank.

I am also co PI for the HEFCE funded Learning Gains Project with Surrey and Oxford Brookes Universities. It is a three year longitudinal study assessing the suitability and scalability of the Affective-Behaviour-Cognition (ABC) Learning Gains model across the HE sector in England.

Denise has over twenty years experience in designing, researching and evaluating online and computer-based learning in Higher Education. She is Professor of Technology Enhanced Assessment and Learning in the Open University’s Institute of Educational Technology.

Denise has recently finished directing the SAFeSEA project. http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/safesea/The aim of this research was to provide an effective automated interactive feedback system that yields an acceptable level of support for university students writing essays in a distance or e-learning context. 

She is currently working on the European funded TeSLA project http://tesla-project.eu/  This TeSLA software will support any e-assessment model (formative, summative and continuous) covering teaching and learning processes as well as ethical, legal and technological aspects. TeSLA will offer to educational institutions, accrediting agencies and to society, an unambiguous proof of learners’ academic progression, authorship and authentication during the whole learning process.

Other ongoing projects include CODUR (Creating an online dimension for University rankings) http://in3.uoc.edu/opencms_in3/opencms/webs/projectes/codur/en/index.html  and the HEFCE funded Learning Gains project which is a three year longitudinal study assessing the suitability and scalability of the Affective-Behaviour-Cogition (ABC) Learning Gains model across the Higher Education sector.

She has also led a series of projects from 2009 which were funded by the Spanish Government which addressed ways in which online materials with feedback could be used to support students with chronic illness who could only attend school infrequently.  

She was a regular Programme Committee member of the Computer Assisted Assessment Conference which she chaired from 2010 to 2013. This  has now been renamed as the Technology-Enhanced Assessment Conference where she still remains a Programme Committee member.  

She has edited four special journal issues on e-Assessment for BJET, LMTECI, IJCELL and IJEA. She was appointed the Editor of the Journal of Open Learning in 2018.  Her work has received international recognition as she holds visiting chairs at the Autonoma University, Barcelona and the British University in Dubai. Denise has also served as a member of the governing council for the Society for Research into Higher Education, for the last nine years.

2018

• Whitelock, Denise (2018). Advice for Action with Automatic Feedback Systems. In: Caballé, Santi and Conesa, Jordi eds. Software Data Engineering for Network eLearning Environments Springer, pp. 139-160.

• Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise; Holmes, Wayne and Edwards, Chris. (2018). e-Authentication for online assessment: a mixed-method study. British Journal of Educational Technology (Early Access).

• Holmes, Wayne; Bektik, Duygu; Whitelock, Denise and Park Woolf, Beverly. (2018). Ethics in AIED: Who cares?. In: 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED'18), 27-30 Jun 2018, London.

• Mittelmeier, Jenna; Rienties, Bart; Tempelaar, Dirk and Whitelock, Denise. (2018). Overcoming cross-cultural group work tensions: mixed student perspectives on the role of social relationships. Higher Education, 75 (1) pp. 149-166.

• Edwards, Chris; Holmes, Wayne; Whitelock, Denise and Okada, Ale. (2018). Student Trust in e-Authentication. In: L@S 2018: Fifth (2018) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 26-28 Jun 2018, London, UK.

• Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Sharpe, Rhona; Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise; Lygo-Baker, Simon and Littlejohn, Allison. (2018). Reviewing affective, behavioural, and cognitive learning gains in higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education (In Press).

• Mittelmeier, Jenna; Rienties, Bart; Tempelaar, Dirk; Hillaire, Garron and Whitelock, Denise. (2018). The influence of internationalised versus local content on online intercultural collaboration in groups: A randomised control trial study in a statistics course. Computers & Education, 118 pp. 82-95.

• Whitelock, Denise and Bektik, Duygu (2018). Progress and Challenges for Automated Scoring and Feedback Systems for Large-scale Assessments. In: Webb, Mary and Ifenthaler, Dirk eds. Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education Springer International Handbooks of Education, pp. (In Press).

2017

• Perrotta, Carlo and Whitelock, Denise (2017). Assessment for learning. In: Duval, Eric; Sharples, Mike and Sutherland, Rosamund eds. Technology Enhanced Learning: Research Themes Cham: Springer, pp. 127-135.

• Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (2017). What types of essay feedback influence implementation: Structure alone or structure and content?. In: Technology Enhanced Assessment (TEA 2016), Springer, Cham, 181-196.

• Bektik, Duygu; Cross, Simon; Holmes, Wayne; Aleksieva, Lyubka and Whitelock, Denise. (2017). A European pilot study of a modular assessment system designed to authenticate the authorship of online learners. In: CALRG Annual Conference 2017, 14-16 Jun 2017, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

• Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (2017). What does a "good" essay look like? Rainbow diagrams representing essay quality. In: International Technology Enhanced Assessment Conference (TEA 2017), 5-6 Oct 2017, Barcelona, Spain.

• Brasher, A.; Holmes, W. and Whitelock, D.. (2017). Comparing online distance universities. In: EDULEARN17 Proceedings, IATED, 5411-5415.

• Nguyen, Quan; Rienties, Bart; Toetenel, Lisette; Ferguson, Rebecca and Whitelock, Denise. (2017). Examining the designs of computer-based assessment and its impact on student engagement, satisfaction, and pass rates. Computers in Human Behavior, 76 pp. 703-714.

• Cross, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (2017). Similarity and difference in fee-paying and no-fee learner expectations, interaction and reaction to learning in a massive open online course. Interactive Learning Environments, 25 (4) pp. 439-451.

• Li, Nai; Marsh, Vicky; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (2017). Online learning experiences of new versus continuing learners: a large scale replication study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42 (4) pp. 657-672.

• Okada, Alexandra; Rocha, Ana Karine; Whitelock, Denise; Furchter, Simone and Zucchi, Sangar. (2017). Peer​ ​Learning​ ​And​ ​Assessment-in-Context​ ​With​ ​3D​ ​Immersive​ ​Glasses. In: 7th European Immersive Education Summit (EiED 2017), 16-19 Nov 2017, Lucca and Pisa, Italy.

• Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise and Holmes, Wayne. (2017). Students’ views on trust-based e-assessment system for online and blended environments. In: The Online, Open and Flexible Higher Education Conference, 25-27 Oct 2017, Open University, Milton Keynes.

• Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise; Holmes, Wayne and Edwards, Chris. (2017). Student acceptance of online assessment with e-authentication in the UK. In: The 2017 International Technology Enhanced Assessment Conference (TEA 2017, 5-6 Oct 2017, Barcelona, Spain.

• Ferguson, Rebecca; Barzilai, Sarit; Ben-Zvi, Dani; Chinn, Clark A; Herodotou, Christothea; Hod, Yotam; Kali, Yael; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Kupermintz, Haggai; McAndrew, Patrick; Rienties, Bart; Sagy, Ornit; Scanlon, Eileen; Sharples, Mike; Weller, Martin and Whitelock, Denise (2017). Innovating Pedagogy 2017: Exploring new forms of teaching, learning and assessment, to guide educators and policy makers. Open University Innovation Report 6. The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.

• Cross, Simon; Rogaten, Jekaterina; Bektik, Duygu; Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (2017). How do students understand and interpret learning gains? Perspectives from in-depth interviews of UK distance learners. In: SRHE Conference, 6-8 Dec 2017, Newport, Wales, UK.

2016

• Sharples, M.; Adams, A.; Alozie, N.; Ferguson, R.; FitzGerald, E.; Gaved, M.; McAndrew, P.; Means, B.; Remold, J.; Rienties, B.; Roschelle, J.; Vogt, K.; Whitelock, D. and Yarnall, L.. (2016). 创新教学报告2015 —探索教学、学习与评价的新形式 [Innovating Pedagogy 2015]. 开放学习研究 [Open Learning] pp. 1-18.

• Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (2016). #Design4Learning: Designing for the Future of Higher Education. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2016 (1) pp. 1-3.

• Mittelmeier, Jenna; Héliot, YingFei; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (2016). Using Social Network Analysis to predict online contributions: The impact of network diversity in cross-cultural collaboration. In: WebSci '16 Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Web Science, ACM, New York, 269-273.

• Ras, Eric; Whitelock, Denise and Kalz, Marco (2016). The Promise and Potential of E-Assessment for Learning. In: Reimann, Peter; Bull, Susan; Kickmeier-Rust, Michael D.; Vatrapu, Ravi and Wasson, Barbara eds. Measuring and Visualising Learning in the Information-Rich Classroom London: Routledge, pp. 21-40.

• Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon and Littlejohn, Allison. (2016). A multi-level longitudinal analysis of 80,000 online learners: Affective-Behaviour-Cognition models of learning gains. In: Emerging Methodologies in Educational Research: Book of Abstracts, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 25.

• Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon; Littlejohn, Allison; Sharpe, Rhona; Lygo-Baker, Simon; Scott, Ian; Warburton, Stephen and Kinchin, Ian. (2016). Multilevel modelling of learning gains: The impact of module particulars on students’ learning in Higher Education. In: SRHE International Annual Research Conference 2016, 7-9 Dec 2016, Celtic Manor Resort, Newport, South Wales, United Kingdom.

• Rogaten, Jekaterina; Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (2016). Assessing learning gains. In: Technology Enhanced Assessment, 117-132.

• Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise and Mittelmeier, Jenna. (2016). Does the Quality and Quantity of Exam Revision Impact on Student Satisfaction and Performance in the Exam Itself?: Perspectives from Undergraduate Distance Learners. In: EDULEARN16 Proceedings, IATED Academy, 5052-5061.

2015

• Sharples, Mike; Adams, Anne; Alozie, N; Ferguson, Rebecca; FitzGerald, Elizabeth; Gaved, Mark; McAndrew, Patrick; Means, B; Remold, J; Rienties, Bart; Roschelle, J; Vogt, K; Whitelock, Denise and Yarnall, L (2015). Innovating Pedagogy 2015: Open University Innovation Report 4. The Open University.

• Whitelock, Denise; Thorpe, Mary and Galley, Rebecca. (2015). Student workload: a case study of its significance, evaluation and management at the Open University. Distance Education, 36 (2) pp. 161-176.

• Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (2015). OpenEssayist: a supply and demand learning analytics tool for drafting academic essays. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge, ACM, 208-212.

• Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debra and Pulman, Stephen. (2015). Feedback on Academic Essay Writing through pre-Emptive Hints: Moving Towards "Advice for Action". In: EDEN RW8, 2014.

• Richardson, John T. E.; Alden Rivers, Bethany and Whitelock, Denise. (2015). The role of feedback in the under-attainment of ethnic minority students: evidence from distance education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40 (4) pp. 557-573.

• Simsek, Duygu; Sandor, Agnes; Buckingham Shum, Simon; Ferguson, Rebecca; De Liddo, Anna and Whitelock, Denise. (2015). Correlations between automated rhetorical analysis and tutors’ grades on student essays. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge, ACM, 355-359.

• Mittelmeier, Jenna; Heliot, Yingfei; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (2015). The role culture and personality play in an authentic online group learning experience. In: Proceedings of the 22nd EDINEB Conference: Critically Questioning Educational Innovation in Economics and Business: Human Interaction in a Virtualising World, EDiNEB Association, 139-149.

• Ferguson, Rebecca; Faulkner, Dorothy; Whitelock, Denise and Sheehy, Kieron. (2015). Pre-teens' informal learning with ICT and Web 2.0. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24 (2) pp. 247-265.

• Whitelock, Denise (2015). Maximising Student Success with Automatic Formative Feedback for Both Teachers and Students. In: Ras, Eric and Joosten-ten Brinke, Desiree eds. Computer Assisted Assessment. Research into E-Assessment Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, pp. 142-148.

2014

• Whitelock, Denise and Mellar, Harvey (2014). Pattern: feedback on feedback. In: Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven and Winters, Niall eds. Practical Design Patterns for Teaching and Learning with Technology Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 311-314.

• Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (2014). OpenEssayist: real-life testing of an automated feedback system for draft essay writing. In: #design4learning: from blended learning to learning analytics in HE, 26-27 Nov 2014, Milton Keynes, UK.

• Ferguson, Rebecca and Whitelock, Denise (2014). Taking on different roles: how educators position themselves in MOOCs. In: Rensing, Christopher; de Freitas, Sara; Ley, Tobias and Muñoz-Merino, Pedro J. eds. Open Learning and Teaching in Educational Communities Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 562-563.

• Field, Debora; Richardson, John T. E.; Pulman, Stephen; Van Labeke, Nicolas and Whitelock, Denise. (2014). An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain-independent natural language processing techniques. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Alden, Bethany; Van Labeke, Nicolas; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Whitelock, Denise. (2014). Using student experience as a model for designing an automatic feedback system for short essays. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Alden Rivers, Bethany; Whitelock, Denise; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen (2014). Functional, frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback.. In: Kalz, Marco and Ras, Eric eds. Computer Assisted Assessment: Research into E-Assessment Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 40-52.

• Twiner, Alison; Littleton, Karen; Coffin, Caroline and Whitelock, Denise. (2014). Meaning making as an interactional accomplishment: a temporal analysis of intentionality and improvisation in classroom dialogue. International Journal of Educational Research, 63 pp. 94-106.

• Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise and Galley, Rebecca. (2014). The use, role and reception of open badges as a method for formative and summative reward in two Massive Open Online Courses. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Whitelock, Denise (2014). Design narrative: Open Mentor. In: Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven and Winters, Niall eds. Practical Design Patterns for Teaching and Learning with Technology Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 263-268.

• Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Van Labeke, Nicolas. (2014). Designing and testing visual representations of draft essays for higher education students. In: 2nd International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics, 4th Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK2014).

2013

• Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Van Labeke, Nicolas. (2013). OpenEssayist: an automated feedback system that supports university students as they write summative essays. In: The 1st International Conference on Open Learning: Role, Challenges and Aspirations.

• Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester and Gale, Veronica. (2013). e-Assessment tales: what types of literature are informing day-to-day practice?. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Recio Saucedo, Alejandra; Whitelock, Denise M.; Gilbert, Lester H.; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Gillary, Paul; Watt, Stuart and Zhang, Pei. (2013). Improving a tutor’s feedback assessment tool: transforming Open Mentor following two recent deployments. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Van Labeke, Nicolas; Whitelock, Denise and Richardson, John T. E.. (2013). Did I really mean that? Applying automatic summarisation techniques to formative feedback. In: International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP, 7-13 Sep 2013, Hissar, Bulgaria.

• Van Labeke, N.; Whitelock, D; Field, D.; Pulman, S. and Richardson, J. T. E.. (2013). What is my essay really saying? Using extractive summarization to motivate reflection and redrafting. In: AIED Workshop in Formative Feedback in Interactive Learning, 2013, Memphis, TN.

• Van Labeke, Nicolas; Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen and Richardson, John T. E.. (2013). OpenEssayist: extractive summarisation and formative assessment of free-text essays. In: 1st International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics, 8 Apr 2013, Leuven, Belgium.

• Whitelock, Denise. (2013). CAA 2012: Pedagogy and technology: harmony and tensions. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Whitelock, Denise (2013). GCP18: New forms of assessment for social TEL environments. In: Fischer, Frank; Wild, Fridolin; Sutherland, Rosamund and Zirn, Lena eds. Grand Challenges in Technology Enhanced Learning: Outcomes of the 3rd Alpine Rendez-Vous. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 53-54.

• Whitelock, Denise (2013). GCP15: evaluating informal TEL. In: Fisher, Frank; Wild, Fridolin; Sutherland, Rosamund and Zim, Lena eds. Grand Challenges in Technology Enhanced Learning: Outcomes of the 3rd Alpine Rendez-Vous Cham: Springer, pp. 47-49.

2012

• Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Zhang, Pei; Gillary, Paul and Saucedo, Alejandra. (2012). Addressing the challenges of assessment and feedback in higher education: a collaborative effort across three UK universities. In: INTED 2012 6th International Technology Education & Development Conference, 5-7 Mar 2012, Valencia, Spain.

• Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Zhang, Pei; Gillary, Paul and Sauedo, Alejandra. (2012). Supporting tutors with their feedback using OpenMentor in three different UK Universities. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science): Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.

• Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Gutierrez, Rufina. (2012). A roadmap to employ new technologies to teach science to chronically ill children. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science: Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.

• Kucirkova, Natalia; Messer, David and Whitelock, Denise. (2012). Parents reading with their toddlers: the role of personalisation in book engagement. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 13 (4) pp. 445-470.

• Saucedo, Alejandra; Gillary, Paul; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Whitelock, Denise M.; Zhang, Pei and Gilbert, Lester H.. (2012). Improving a tutor’s feedback assessment tool: transforming Open Mentor following two recent deployments. In: 2012 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, 10-11 Jul 2012, Southampton, UK.

• Gutierrez, Rufina; Pinto, Roser and Whitelock, Denise. (2012). Learning the concept of scientific model by means of analysing didactical scientific Simulations. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on a Computer Based Learning in Science): Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.

• Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (2012). Authentic assessment: What does it mean and how is it instantiated by a group of distance learning academics?. International Journal of e-Assessment, 2 (1) pp. Article 9.

2011

• Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester and Gale, Veronica. (2011). Technology Enhanced Assessment and Feedback: How is evidence-based literature informing practice?. In: 2011 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, Research into e-Assessment, 05-06 Jul 2011, Southampton.

• Whitelock, Denise and Warburton, Bill. (2011). Preface : CAA 2010: Computer assisted assessment: supporting student learning. International Journal of e-Assessment.

• Pinto, R.; Whitelock, D. and Gutierrez, R. (2011). Towards a roadmap for implementing a socio-constructivist learning framework for chronically ill children to learn with their classmates while still in hospital. In: Mendez-Vilas, A. eds. Education in a technological world: communicating current and emerging research and technological efforts Formatex Research Centre, pp. 563-571.

• Mwanza-Simwami, Daisy; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Clough, Gill; Whitelock, Denise; Ferguson, Rebecca and Sharples, Mike. (2011). Methods and models of next generation technology enhanced learning - White Paper. In: Alpine Rendezvous 2011, 28-29 Mar 2011, La Clusaz, France.

• Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (2011). Assessment benchmarking: accumulating and accelerating institutional know - how for best practice. International Journal of e-Assessment, 1 (1) pp. 1-10.

• Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon (2011). 99 Measures of Assessment Processes and Practice for use in Benchmarking and Reviewing Teaching and Learning. .

• Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (2011). Academics understanding of authentic assessment. In: 2011 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, Research into e-Assessment, 5/6 Jul 2011, Southampton.

2010

• Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Saez, Marcel.la. (2010). Modelling the teachers' feedback process for the design of an electronic interactive science tool with automatic feedback. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 20 (2) pp. 189-207.

• Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Saez, Marcella (2010). Supporting science studies for children with long term health problems using Nefreduca. In: Zacharia, Zacharias; Constantinou, Constantinos and Papaevripidou, Marios eds. Computer Based Learning in Science, Conference Proceedings 2010 Warsaw, Poland: OEIiZK, pp. 239-249.

• Whitelock, Denise; Saez, Marcel.la and Pinto, Roser. (2010). Pulling all the pedagogic pieces together to provide good electronic feedback: an example from science education. In: 2010 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference (CAA2010), 20-21 Jul 2010, Southampton, UK.

• Kucirkova, Natalia; Messer, David and Whitelock, Denise. (2010). Sharing personalised books: a practical solution to the challenges posed by home book reading interventions. Literacy Information & Computer Education Journal, 1 (3) pp. 263-272.

• Ferguson, Rebecca; Whitelock, Denise and Littleton, Karen. (2010). Improvable objects and attached dialogue: new literacy practices employed by learners to build knowledge together in asynchronous settings. Digital Culture & Education, 2 (1) pp. 103-123.

• Twiner, Alison; Coffin, Caroline; Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (2010). Multimodality, orchestration and participation in the context of classroom use of the interactive whiteboard: a discussion. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 19 (2) pp. 211-223.

• Cross, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (2010). Benchmarking assessment: breaking down barriers and building institutional understanding. In: 2010 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, 20-21 Jul 2010, Southampton, UK.

• Hench, Thomas and Whitelock, Denise (2010). Towards a model for evaluating student learning via e-assessment. In: Zacharia, Zacharias; Constantinou, Constantinos and Papaevripidou, Marios eds. Computer Based Learning in Science, Conference Proceedings 2010 Warsaw, Poland: OEIiZK, pp. 15-21.

• Whitelock, Denise (2010). Activating Assessment for Learning: Are We On the Way With WEB 2.0?. In: Lee, Mark J. W. and McLoughlin, Catherine eds. Web 2.0-Based-E-Learning: Applying Social Informatics for Tertiary Teaching IGI Global, pp. 319-342.

2009

• Whitelock, Denise. (2009). e-Assessment: developing new dialogues for the digital age. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40 (2) pp. 199-202.

2008

• Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (2008). Reframing e-assessment: adopting new media and adapting oldframeworks. Learning, Media and Technology, 33 (3) pp. 151-154.

• Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart (2008). Putting Pedagogy in the driving seat with Open Comment: an open source formative assessment feedback and guidance tool for History Students. In: Khandia, Farzana eds. Proceedings of the 12th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 347-356.

• Whitelock, Denise M. (2008). Accelerating the assessment agenda: thinking outside the black box. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

• Whitelock, Denise M.; Faulkner, Dorothy and Miell, Dorothy E.. (2008). Promoting creativity in PhD supervision: Tensions and dilemmas. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3 (2) pp. 143-153.

2007

• Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (2007). Open mentor: Supporting tutors with their feedback to students. In: 11th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference: Research into e-Assessment, 10-11 Jul 2007, Loughborough, UK.

• Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (2007). E-assessment: how can we support tutors with their marking of electronically submitted assignments?. Ad-Lib, Journal for Continuing Liberal Adult Education pp. 7-8.

• Whitelock, Denise M. (2007). Computer assisted formative assessment: supporting students to become more reflective learners. In: Constantinou, Constantinos P.; Zacharia, Zacharias C. and Papaevripidou, Marios. eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science (CBLIS '07) Crete, Greece: E-Media, University of Crete, pp. 492-504.

• Knightley, Wendy M and Whitelock, Denise M. (2007). Assessing the self-esteem of female undergraduate students: an issue of methodology. Educational Studies, 33 (2) pp. 217-231.

• Ruedel, Cornelia; Whitelock, Denise and Mackenzie, Don (2007). Key Factors for Effective Organisation of e-Assessment. In: Khandia, Farzana eds. Proceedings of the 11th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 357-370.

• Hennessy, Sara; Wishart, Jocelyn; Whitelock, Denise; Deaney, Rosemary; Brawn, Richard; la Velle, Linda; McFarlane, Angela; Ruthven, Kenneth and Winterbottom, Mark. (2007). Pedagogical approaches for technology-integrated science teaching. Computers and Education, 48 (1) pp. 137-152.

2006

• Whitelock, Denise M; Mackenzie, Don; Whitehouse, Christine; Ruedel, Cornelia and Rae, Simon (2006). Identifying innovative and effective practice in e-assessment: findings from seventeen UK case studies. In: Danson, Myles eds. Proceedings of the 10th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 505-511.

• Whitelock, Denise M. and Brasher, Andrew (2006). Developing a Roadmap for e-Assessment: Which Way Now?. In: Danson, Myles eds. Proceedings of the 10th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 487-501.

• Whitelock, Denise. (2006). Electronic assessment: marking, monitoring and mediating learning. International Journal of Learning Technology, 2 (2-3) pp. 264-276.

2005

• Whitelock, Denise and Jelfs, Anne. (2005). 'Would you rather collect data in the rain or attend a virtual field trip?': Findings from a series of virtual science field studies. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 15 (1-2) pp. 121-131.

• Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (2005). The negotiation and co-construction of meaning and understanding within a postgraduate online learning community. Learning, Media and Technology, 30 (2) pp. 147-164.

• Whitelock, D.; Littleton, K.; Miell, D.; LeVoi, M. and Wegerif, R.. (2005). Exploring the social dimension of teaching and learning in online courses: issues and methods. In: CAL'05 Virtual Learning?, Apr 2005, University of Bristol, UK.

2004

• Craft, A; Miell, D; Vass, E; Whitelock, D; Littleton, K; Joubert, M and Murphy, P (2004). Ignite! Fellowship Programme for Young People: A Research Study. National Endownment for Science Technology and the Arts (NESTA), London, UK.

• Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (2004). Guiding the creation of knowledge and understanding in a Virtual Learning Environment. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7 (2) pp. 173-181.

2003

• Whitelock, Denise and Raw, Yvonne (2003). Taking an electronic mathematics examination from home: what the students think. In: Constantinou, C and Zacharia, Z eds. New technologies and their applications in education Nicosia, Cyprus: Department of Educational Sciences, University of Cyprus, pp. 701-713.

• Whitelock, Denise; Watt, Stuart; Raw, Yvonne and Moreale, Emanuela. (2003). Analysing tutor feedback to students: first steps towards constructing an electronic monitoring system. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 11 (3) pp. 31-42.

• Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise (2003). Creating meaning through a community of collaborative learners. In: Mason, Lucia; Andreuzza, Silvia; Arfè, Barbara and Del Favero, Laura eds. 10th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction Padova: Cooperativa Libraria Editrice Università di Padova, pp. 57.

2000

• Whitelock, Denise; Romano, Daniela; Jelfs, Anne and Brna, Paul. (2000). Perfect presence: what does this mean for the design of virtual learning environments?. Education and Information Technologies, 5 (4) pp. 277-289.

• Jelfs, Anne and Whitelock, Denise. (2000). The notion of presence in virtual learning environments: what makes the environment "real". British Journal of Educational Technology, 31 (2) pp. 145-152.

• Whitelock, Denise. (2000). Frameworks for the evaluation of multimedia learning technologies: lessons learned and future directions?. Pesquisa em Educacao em Ciencias, 2 (1) pp. 57-74.

1999

• Debenham, Margaret; Whitelock, Denise M.; Fung, Pat and Emms, Judy M.. (1999). Online educational counselling for students with special needs: building rapport. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal, 7 (1) pp. 19-25.

• Whitelock, Denise. (1999). Investigating the role of task structure and interface support in two virtual learning environments. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 9 (3/4) pp. 291-301.

1998

• Whitelock, Denise and Scanlon, Eileen. (1998). The roles of gaze, gesture and gender in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 14 (2) pp. 158-165.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1998). What are the perceived benefits of participating in a computer-mediated communication (CMC) environment for distance learning computer science students?. Computers and Education, 30 (3-4) pp. 259-269.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1998). Monitoring the on-line behaviour of distance learning students. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 14 (2) pp. 91-99.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1998). Is it sustainable? A comparison of student and tutor online time across three distance-learning courses. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 6 (1) pp. 25-31.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1998). Changing roles: Comparing face to face and on-line teaching in the light of new technologies. European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning.

• Whitelock, Denise. (1998). Supporting the learner in virtual field trips: the importance of feedback. Life Sciences Educational Computing, 9 (3) pp. 16-17.

1997

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1997). Hijacking hypermedia and other highways to learn computer science on a distance-learning course. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal, 5 (2) pp. 52-58.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1997). Opening up horizons: Providing on-line course material in cyberspace. Displays, 17 (3-4) pp. 153-165.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1997). Come lo hanno usato? Il coinvolgimento degli studenti di informatica in un ambiente CMC creato per l'apprendimento a distanza. Tecnologie Didattiche pp. 15-20.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1997). Monitoring a CMC environment created for distance learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 13 (4) pp. 253-260.

1996

• Whitelock, Denise; Scanlon, Eileen and Taylor, Josie. (1996). The influence of audio communications technology on computer-supported collaborative learning. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 4 (1) pp. 77-84.

• Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (1996). Piloting a new approach: Making use of new technology to present a distance lerning computer science course?. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 4 (1) pp. 58-68.

1994

• Howard, Patricia; Holland, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (1994). Sound investments: some applications of computers in music teaching, and a revolutionary new program. The Musical Times, 135 (1817) pp. 467-471.

1993

• Whitelock, Denise; Taylor, Josie; O'Shea, Tim; Scanlon, Eileen; Clark, Paul and O'Malley, Clare. (1993). Challenging models of elastic collisions with a computer simulation. Computers and Education, 20 (1) pp. 1-9.

1992

• Whitelock, Denise. (1992). Understanding children's common-sense reasoning about motion. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 8 (1) pp. 57-58.

1991

• Whitelock, Denise. (1991). Investigating a model of commonsense thinking about causes of motion with 7 to 16-year-old pupils. International Journal of Science Education, 13 (3) pp. 321-340.

1989

• Bliss, Joan; Ogborn, John and Whitelock, Denise. (1989). Secondary school pupils' commonsense theories of motion. International Journal of Science Education, 11 (3) pp. 261-272.

Current

	TeSLA (An Adaptive Trust-based e-assessment system for learning)	2016 - 2018
	CODUR (Creating an Online Dimension for University Rankings)	2016 - 2018

Completed

	A longitudinal mixed method study of learning gain: applying Affective-Behaviour Cognition framework at 3 institutions	2015 - 2018
	BNUFS (Data-informed Learning Design for Future Schools)	2017
	Supportive Automated Feedback for Short Essay Answers	2012 - 2014

Times Higher Educational Supplement | 14th April 2016

Times Higher Educational Supplement | 20th November 2007

Channel 5 television, 2000 | 5th April 2000

Past

Keynote

26th April 2018

Who has the crystal ball for Moving Forward with Digital Assessment?

WISEflow Conference Brunel University

Keynote

4th July 2017

Should feedback be at the centre of Personalised Learning?

Technology in Learning: Reshaping the Educational Landscape The Studio, Manchester

Keynote

29th June 2017

Technology Enhanced Assessment: Do we have a wolf in sheep’s clothing?

AHE Conference 2017 The Manchester MacDonald Hotel, Manchester

Keynote

13th June 2017

Where is feedback in the Assessment for Learning Agenda?

Faculty of Engineering, Environment & Computing, Coventry University

Invited Talk

3rd May 2017

Opening up digital support to optimise feedback for student motivation and engagement

Education Seminar Series University of Liverpool

Workshop

13th October 2016

"Optimising feedback for student motivation and engagement" workshop

Paedagoguddannelsernes Ledernetvaerk (Network for leaders/managers of Social Educations) from Denmark

Keynote

21st June 2016

Optimising Feedback in the Digital Age

HUBS Learning & Teaching Workshop, Digital Learning and assessment in the Biosciences: approaches, successes and future horizons University of Glasgow

Invited Talk

29th February 2016

Leveraging Technology for future Education and Skills

Roundtable on the Future of Education and Skills across the lifecourse Whitechapel Idea Store, 321 Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BU

Keynote

8th December 2015

Opening up digital support for essay writing skills with OpenEssayist

Innovative Learning: Driving Educational Change Manchester Conference Centre

Invited Talk

13th November 2015

The role of technology in transforming Higher Education and how schools can engage with HE

Whole Education Annual Conference, Seizing the Agenda: Equipping learners of today to thrive in the world of tomorrow King's Place, York Way, London N1

Keynote

24th September 2015

Optimising feedback for student motivation and engagement: Moving towards Advice for Action

Cardiff Q-Step Centre Annual Conference, Quantitative Pedagogy in Action Council Chamber, Main Building, Cardiff University

Keynote

13th November 2014

Empirical investigations that supported the development of OpenEssayist

1st International Workshop on Technology-Enhanced Assessment, Analytics & Feedback (TEAAF2014) Barcelona

Keynote

5th November 2014

Assessment Feedback Systems and Interactive Learning Environment

CIEVES 2014 International Conference on Learning Assessment in Higher Education: Training and Experiences La Facultad de Educacion de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia

Invited Talk

8th July 2014

Visualisations of Learning Analytics for Personalised Feedback

LASI@MK: learning analytics event The Open University, Milton Keynes

Keynote

30th June 2014

Advice for Action: automatic feedback for motivation and self regulation

Computer Assisted Assessment Conference (CAA2014) Zeist, The Netherlands

Invited Talk

25th January 2014

OpenEssayist: Feedback and Moving Forward with Draft Essays

British University in Dubai Dubai

Keynote

25th November 2013

OpenEssayist: An automatic feedback system that supports University students

1st International Conference on Open Learning Arab Open University, Kuwait

Workshop

25th November 2013

Optimising feedback for student motivation and engagement

1st International Conference on Open Learning Arab Open University, Kuwait

Keynote

1st November 2013

eAssessment for Learning: challenges and opportunities for pedagogical practice

Conference on e-learning with a focus on digital test and exam forms Copenhagen, Denmark

Invited Talk

1st June 2013

Learning Analytics and Advice for Action

British University in Dubai

Invited Talk

16th May 2013

Writing motivating feedback

What the Research Says: e-Assessment: Which way now? Symposium London Knowledge Lab, Institute of Education, London

Invited Talk

10th May 2013

Learning Analytics and student feedback

eLearn Centre of Universitat Obera de Catalunya, Barcelona

Awards

Best conference Paper

Best conference paper

Best Research paper

External Appointments

• Visiting Professor, Open University of Catalonia (2018)
• EPSRC Panel Member at the ICT Prioritisation Panel (2018)
• EPSRC Panel Member at the ICT Prioritisation Panel (2016)
• Expert Advisor to the ESRC/NRF Higher Education in South Africa Call (2016)
• Visiting Professor, British University in Dubai (2014)
• Reviewer for submissions to the Framework Programme of the European Community for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) call (2014)
• Reviewer for submissions to the Framework Programme of the European Community for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) call (2013)
• Founding SIG co-ordinator for the European Association of Technology-Enhanced Learning (EATEL). Special Interest Group for Technology-Enhanced Assessmen (2012)
• Reviewer for submissions to the Framework Programme of the European Community for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) call (2011)
• Honorary Research Fellow, The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand (2011)
• Reviewer for submissions to the Framework Programme of the European Community for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) call (2010)
• Honorary Reader, The Robert Gordon University (2010)
• Visiting Professor, Autonoma University, Barcelona (2007)
• Visiting Research Fellow, University of Rio de Janeiro (1998)
• Visiting Research Fellow, University of Minas Gerais (1997)