About
I am Professor of Technology Enhanced Assessment and Learning in the Open University’s Institute of Educational Technology, with over twenty years experience in designing, researching and evaluating online and computer-based learning in Higher Education.
I am currently leading the UK’s contribution to the Adaptive Trust e-Assessment System for Learning (TeSLA) project, which started in January 2016 https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/six-million-pound-european-union-eu-project-aims-to-stamp-out-cheating-in-online-assessment. The overall objective of the TeSLA project is to define and develop an e-assessment system, which ensures learners authentication and authorship in online and blended learning environments while avoiding the time and physical space limitations imposed by face-to-face examination.
I am leading the UK's contribution to the European CODUR project http://in3.uoc.edu/opencms_in3/opencms/webs/projectes/codur/en/index.html This work builds on the digital tools already developed to measure the quality of online education and integrate thse into the EU's existing international ranking system, U-Multirank.
I am also co PI for the HEFCE funded Learning Gains Project with Surrey and Oxford Brookes Universities. It is a three year longitudinal study assessing the suitability and scalability of the Affective-Behaviour-Cognition (ABC) Learning Gains model across the HE sector in England.
Biography
Denise has over twenty years experience in designing, researching and evaluating online and computer-based learning in Higher Education. She is Professor of Technology Enhanced Assessment and Learning in the Open University’s Institute of Educational Technology.
Denise has recently finished directing the SAFeSEA project. http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/safesea/The aim of this research was to provide an effective automated interactive feedback system that yields an acceptable level of support for university students writing essays in a distance or e-learning context.
She is currently working on the European funded TeSLA project http://tesla-project.eu/ This TeSLA software will support any e-assessment model (formative, summative and continuous) covering teaching and learning processes as well as ethical, legal and technological aspects. TeSLA will offer to educational institutions, accrediting agencies and to society, an unambiguous proof of learners’ academic progression, authorship and authentication during the whole learning process.
Other ongoing projects include CODUR (Creating an online dimension for University rankings) http://in3.uoc.edu/opencms_in3/opencms/webs/projectes/codur/en/index.html and the HEFCE funded Learning Gains project which is a three year longitudinal study assessing the suitability and scalability of the Affective-Behaviour-Cogition (ABC) Learning Gains model across the Higher Education sector.
She has also led a series of projects from 2009 which were funded by the Spanish Government which addressed ways in which online materials with feedback could be used to support students with chronic illness who could only attend school infrequently.
She was a regular Programme Committee member of the Computer Assisted Assessment Conference which she chaired from 2010 to 2013. This has now been renamed as the Technology-Enhanced Assessment Conference where she still remains a Programme Committee member.
She has edited four special journal issues on e-Assessment for BJET, LMTECI, IJCELL and IJEA. She was appointed the Editor of the Journal of Open Learning in 2018. Her work has received international recognition as she holds visiting chairs at the Autonoma University, Barcelona and the British University in Dubai. Denise has also served as a member of the governing council for the Society for Research into Higher Education, for the last nine years.
Publications
2023
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Bossu, Carina; Charitonos, Koula; Coughlan, Tim; Deacon, Andrew; Deane, Nawaal; Ferguson, Rebecca; Herodotou, Christothea; Huang, Cheng-Wen; Mayisela, Tabisa; Rets, Irina; Sargent, Julia; Scanlon, Eileen; Small, Janet; Walji, Sukaina; Weller, Martin and Whitelock, Denise (). Innovating Pedagogy 2023: Open University Innovation Report 11. The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Goshtasbpour, Fereshte; Pitt, Beck; Cross, Simon; Ferguson, Rebecca and Whitelock, Denise. (). Challenges for Innovation and Educational Change in Digital Education in Low Resourced Settings: A Kenyan Example. In: European Distance and E-Learning Network (EDEN) 2023 Annual Conference, 18-20 Jun 2023, Dublin, Ireland.
Charitonos, Koula; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Huxley, Sarah; Hedges, Claire; Law, Patrina; Power, Tom; Akyeampong, Kwame; Mwoma, Teresa; Al-Awidi, Hamid and Whitelock, Denise (). Consultation for the 2023 GEM Report on Technology and Education. The Open University.
2022
Goshtasbpour, Fereshte; Ferguson, Rebecca; Pitt, Rebecca; Cross, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (). Adapting OER: Addressing the Challenges of Reuse When Designing for HE Capacity Development. In: 21st European Conference on e-Learning (ECEL), 27-28 Oct 2022, Brighton.
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Bossu, Carina; Charitonos, Koula; Coughlan, Tim; Ferguson, Rebecca; FitzGerald, Elizabeth; Gaved, Mark; Guitert, Montse; Herodotou, Christothea; Maina, Marcelo; Prieto-Blázquez, Josep; Rienties, Bart; Sangrà, Albert; Sargent, Julia; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise (). Innovating Pedagogy 2022: Open University Innovation Report 10. The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Edwards, Chris; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon and Wild, Fridolin. (). Towards autonomous, confident academic writing : supporting students in developing their writing through a stand alone online tool. In: AHE2022, 22-24 Jun 2022, Manchester, UK.
Brasher, Andrew; Whitelock, Denise; Holmes, Wayne; Pozzi, Francesca; Persico, Donatella; Manganello, Flavio; Passarelli, Marcello and Sangrà, Albert. (). Comparing the comparators: How should the quality of education offered by online universities be evaluated?. European Journal of Education, 57 (2) pp. 306-324.
Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise (). Open World Learning: Research, Innovation and the Challenges of High-Quality Education. London: Routledge.
Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise (). Introduction to open world learning: Research, innovation and the challenges of high-quality education. In: Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise eds. Open World Learning: Research, Innovation and the Challenges of High-Quality Education New York, USA: Routledge, pp. 1-12.
Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise (). Reflecting on the main findings and practical applications. In: Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise eds. Open World Learning: Research, Innovation and the Challenges of High-Quality Education New York, USA: Routledge, pp. 264-272.
Foster, Stephen; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon and Kear, Karen. (). To what extent can graphical feedback from a ‘rainbow diagram’ help students develop coherence in their academic writing?. PRISM, 4 (1) pp. 41-55.
Edwards, Chris; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon and Wild, Fridolin. (). Developing automated ways to give essay writing feedback to students. In: INTED2022 Proceedings: 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, IATED Academy, Valencia, Spain, 5446-5450.
Edwards, Chris and Whitelock, Denise. (). Was our pilot study successful? An approach when data are sparse. In: Proceedings of EDEN 2022, 20-22 Jun 2022, Tallinn, Estonia.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Deliberations about digital learning: finding a way forward. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 37 (3) pp. 215-218.
Nguyen, Quan; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise (). Informing learning design in online education using learning analytics of student engagement. In: Rienties, Bart; Hampel, Regine; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise eds. Open World Learning: Research, Innovation and the Challenges of High-Quality Education New York, USA: Routledge, pp. 189-207.
Twiner, Alison; Littleton, Karen; Lucassen, Mathijs; Tatlow-Golden, Mimi and Whitelock, Denise. (). Alphabetical literacy does not have to be a barrier to engagement and learning: Supporting children’s understanding through talk, digital technologies and dance. In: Cambridge Assessment International Education Symposium on Educational Dialogues in Multilingual Classrooms, 22 Mar 2022, Online.
2021
Whitelock, Denise; Herodotou, Christothea; Cross, Simon and Scanlon, Eileen (). Open Voices on Covid-19: Covid challenges and opportunities driving the research agenda. England: Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning.
Twiner, A.; Littleton, K.; Whitelock, D. and Coffin, C.. (). Combining sociocultural discourse analysis and multimodal analysis to explore teachers' and pupils' meaning making. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction.
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Bossu, Carina; Coughlan, Tim; Ferguson, Rebecca; FitzGerald, Elizabeth; Gaved, Mark; Herodotou, Christothea; Rienties, Bart; Sargent, Julia; Scanlon, Eileen; Tang, Jinlan; Wang, Qi; Whitelock, Denise and Zhang, Shuai (). Innovating Pedagogy 2021: Open University Innovation Report 9. The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Huang, Xinyu; Wild, Fridolin and Whitelock, Denise. (). Design Dimensions for Holographic Intelligent Agents: A Comparative Analysis. In: 1st International Workshop on Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in- Education, MAIED 2021, 14 Jun 2021, Online.
Whitelock, Denise; Herodotou, Christothea; Cross, Simon and Scanlon, Eileen. (). [Editorial] Open voices on COVID-19: covid challenges and opportunities driving the research agenda. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 36 (3) pp. 201-211.
2020
Whitelock, Denise; Edwards, Chris and Okada, Alexandra. (). Can e-Authentication Raise the Confidence of Both Students and Teachers in Qualifications Granted through the e-Assessment Process?. Journal of Learning for Development - JL4D, 7 (1) pp. 46-60.
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Beirne, Elaine; Conole, Gráinne; Costello, Eamon; Coughlan, Tim; Ferguson, Rebecca; FitzGerald, Elizabeth; Gaved, Mark; Herodotou, Christothea; Holmes, Wayne; Mac Lochlainn, Conchur; Nic Giolla Mhichíl, Mairéad; Rienties, Bart; Sargent, Julia; Scanlon, Eileen; Sharples, Mike and Whitelock, Denise (). Innovating Pedagogy 2020: Open University Innovation Report 8. The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Nguyen, Quan; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (). A Mixed-Method Study of How Instructors Design for Learning in Online and Distance Education. Journal of Learning Analytics, 7 (3) pp. 64-78.
2019
Pozzi, Francesca; Manganello, Flavio; Passarelli, Marcello; Persico, Donatella; Brasher, Andrew; Holmes, Wayne; Whitelock, Denise and Sangrà, Albert. (). Ranking Meets Distance Education: Defining Relevant Criteria and Indicators for Online Universities. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20 (5) pp. 42-63.
Okada, Alexandra and Whitelock, Denise (). An Evaluation Methodology Applied to Trust-Based Adapted Systems for e-Assessment: Connecting Responsible Research and Innovation with a Human-Centred Design Approach. In: Besora, David; Guerrero Roldán, Ana Elena and Rodríguez González, M. Elena eds. Engineering Data-Driven Adaptive Trust-based e-Assessment System: Challenges and Infrastructure Solutions Springer, pp. 239-265.
Okada, Alexandra; Noguera, Ingrid; Aleksieva, Lyubka; Rozeva, Anna; Kocdar, Serpil; Brouns, Francis; Whitelock, Denise and Guerrero-Roldán, Ana-Elena. (). Pedagogical approaches for e-assessment with authentication and authorship verification in Higher Education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50 (6) pp. 3264-3282.
Herodotou, Christothea; Sharples, Mike; Gaved, Mark; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Rienties, Bart; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise. (). Innovative Pedagogies of the Future: An Evidence-Based Selection. Frontiers in Education.
Edwards, Chris; Whitelock, Denise and Okada, Alexandra. (). Did you really do this? E-authentication raising confidence in e-assessment. In: 9th Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning - Innovations for Quality Education and Lifelong Learning (PCF9), 9-12 Sep 2019, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Okada, Alexandra and Whitelock, Denise. (). Academic Integrity through e-authentication and authorship verification for e-assessment: impact study. In: 7th International Assessment in Higher Education Conference, 2 Jul 2019, Manchester UK.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Editorial. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-learning, 34 (2) pp. 135-138.
Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise; Holmes, Wayne and Edwards, Chris. (). e-Authentication for online assessment: A mixed-method study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50 (2) pp. 861-875.
Ferguson, Rebecca; Coughlan, Tim; Egelandsdal, Kjetil; Gaved, Mark; Herodotou, Christothea; Hillaire, Garron; Jones, Derek; Jowers, Iestyn; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; McAndrew, Patrick; Misiejuk, Kamila; Ness, Ingun Johanna; Rienties, Bart; Scanlon, Eileen; Sharples, Mike; Wasson, Barbara; Weller, Martin and Whitelock, Denise (). Innovating Pedagogy 2019: Open University Innovation Report 7. The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Sharpe, Rhona; Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise; Lygo-Baker, Simon and Littlejohn, Allison. (). Reviewing affective, behavioural, and cognitive learning gains in higher education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44 (3) pp. 321-337.
Edwards, Chris; Whitelock, Denise; Brouns, Francis; Rodríguez, M. Elena; Okada, Alexandra; Baneres, David and Holmes, Wayne. (). An embedded approach to plagiarism detection using the TeSLA e-authentication system. In: TEA 2018 Technology Enhanced Assessment Conference, 10-11 Dec 2018, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Twiner, Alison; Coffin, Caroline; Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (). New approach to educational interaction: Sociocultural discourse analysis meets multimodal
analysis. In: European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, 12-16 Aug 2019, Aachen, Germany.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Moving forward with both theory and practice. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 34 (3) pp. 219-220.
Scanlon, Eileen; Herodotou, Christothea; Whitelock, Denise and Edwards, Chris (). STEM Learning: Foundations. In: Ferguson, Rebecca; Jones, Ann and Scanlon, Eileen eds. Educational Visions: Lessons from 40 years of innovation London: Ubiquity Press, pp. 127-138.
Herodotou, Christothea; Scanlon, Eileen and Whitelock, Denise (). STEM Learning: Futures. In: Ferguson, Rebecca; Jones, Ann and Scanlon, Eileen eds. Educational Visions: Lessons from 40 years of innovation London: Ubiquity Press, pp. 139-150.
2018
Whitelock, D.; Twiner, A.; Richardson, J. T. E.; Field, D. and Pulman, S.. (). What does a "good" essay look like? Rainbow diagrams representing essay quality. In: International Technology Enhanced Assessment Conference (TEA 2017), 5-6 Oct 2017, Barcelona, Spain.
Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise; Holmes, Wayne and Edwards, Chris. (). Student acceptance of online assessment with e-authentication in the UK. In: 20th International Conference Technology Enhanced Assessment (TEA 2017): Revised Selected Papers, 109-122.
Edwards, Chris; Holmes, Wayne; Whitelock, Denise and Okada, Ale. (). Student Trust in e-Authentication. In: L@S 2018: Fifth (2018) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 26-28 Jun 2018, London, UK.
Ullmann, Thomas; Lay, Stephanie; Coughlan, Tim; Lister, Katharine; Cross, Simon; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (). Understanding SEaM student comments from a Big(ger)Data perspective: what are students saying?. In: CALRG Annual Conference 2018, 18-19 Jun 2018, The Open University, Milton Keynes.
Mittelmeier, Jenna; Rienties, Bart; Tempelaar, Dirk; Hillaire, Garron and Whitelock, Denise. (). The influence of internationalised versus local content on online intercultural collaboration in groups: A randomised control trial study in a statistics course. Computers & Education, 118 pp. 82-95.
Whitelock, Denise and Bektik, Duygu (). Progress and Challenges for Automated Scoring and Feedback Systems for Large-Scale Assessments. In: Voogt, J.; Knezek, G.; Christensen, R. and Lai, K. W. eds. Second Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education Springer International Handbooks of Education.
Whitelock, Denise (). Advice for Action with Automatic Feedback Systems. In: Caballé, Santi and Conesa, Jordi eds. Software Data Engineering for Network eLearning Environments Springer, pp. 139-160.
Mittelmeier, Jenna; Rienties, Bart; Tempelaar, Dirk and Whitelock, Denise. (). Overcoming cross-cultural group work tensions: mixed student perspectives on the role of social relationships. Higher Education, 75 (1) pp. 149-166.
Holmes, Wayne; Bektik, Duygu; Whitelock, Denise and Woolf, Beverly. (). Ethics in AIED: Who cares?. In: 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED'18), 27-30 Jun 2018, London.
Edwards, C.; Whitelock, D.; Okada, A. and Holmes, W.. (). Trust in online authentication tools for online assessment in both formal and informal contexts. In: ICERI2018 Proceedings, 12-14 Nov 2018, Seville, Spain.
Okada, Alexandra and Whitelock, Denise. (). Responsible Research and Innovation with data science: a novel approach to evaluate trust of the European TeSLA system.. In: 6th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, 15-18 Dec 2018, Southampton.
2017
Cross, Simon; Rogaten, Jekaterina; Bektik, Duygu; Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (). How do students understand and interpret learning gains? Perspectives from in-depth interviews of UK distance learners. In: SRHE Conference, 6-8 Dec 2017, Newport, Wales, UK.
Ferguson, Rebecca; Barzilai, Sarit; Ben-Zvi, Dani; Chinn, Clark A; Herodotou, Christothea; Hod, Yotam; Kali, Yael; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Kupermintz, Haggai; McAndrew, Patrick; Rienties, Bart; Sagy, Ornit; Scanlon, Eileen; Sharples, Mike; Weller, Martin and Whitelock, Denise (). Innovating Pedagogy 2017: Exploring new forms of teaching, learning and assessment, to guide educators and policy makers. Open University Innovation Report 6. The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
Okada, Alexandra; Rocha, Ana Karine; Whitelock, Denise; Furchter, Simone and Zucchi, Sangar. (). Peer Learning And Assessment-in-Context With 3D Immersive Glasses. In: 7th European Immersive Education Summit (EiED 2017), 16-19 Nov 2017, Lucca and Pisa, Italy.
Nguyen, Quan; Rienties, Bart; Toetenel, Lisette; Ferguson, Rebecca and Whitelock, Denise. (). Examining the designs of computer-based assessment and its impact on student engagement, satisfaction, and pass rates. Computers in Human Behavior, 76 pp. 703-714.
Okada, Alexandra; Whitelock, Denise and Holmes, Wayne. (). Students’ views on trust-based e-assessment system for online and blended environments. In: The Online, Open and Flexible Higher Education Conference, 25-27 Oct 2017, Open University, Milton Keynes.
Brasher, A.; Holmes, W. and Whitelock, D.. (). Comparing online distance universities. In: EDULEARN17 Proceedings, IATED, 5411-5415.
Perrotta, Carlo and Whitelock, Denise (). Assessment for learning. In: Duval, Eric; Sharples, Mike and Sutherland, Rosamund eds. Technology Enhanced Learning: Research Themes Cham: Springer, pp. 127-135.
Bektik, Duygu; Cross, Simon; Holmes, Wayne; Aleksieva, Lyubka and Whitelock, Denise. (). A European pilot study of a modular assessment system designed to authenticate the authorship of online learners. In: CALRG Annual Conference 2017, 14-16 Jun 2017, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
Cross, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (). Similarity and difference in fee-paying and no-fee learner expectations, interaction and reaction to learning in a massive open online course. Interactive Learning Environments, 25 (4) pp. 439-451.
Li, Nai; Marsh, Vicky; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (). Online learning experiences of new versus continuing learners: a large scale replication study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42 (4) pp. 657-672.
Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (). What types of essay feedback influence implementation: Structure alone or structure and content?. In: The 2016 International Technology Enhanced Assessment Conference (TEA 2016), 5-6 Oct 2016, Tallinn, Estonia.
2016
Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon; Littlejohn, Allison; Sharpe, Rhona; Lygo-Baker, Simon; Scott, Ian; Warburton, Stephen and Kinchin, Ian. (). Multilevel modelling of learning gains: The impact of module particulars on students’ learning in Higher Education. In: SRHE International Annual Research Conference 2016, 7-9 Dec 2016, Celtic Manor Resort, Newport, South Wales, United Kingdom.
Mittelmeier, Jenna; Héliot, YingFei; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (). Using Social Network Analysis to predict online contributions: The impact of network diversity in cross-cultural collaboration. In: WebSci '16 Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Web Science, ACM, New York, 269-273.
Sharples, M.; Adams, A.; Alozie, N.; Ferguson, R.; FitzGerald, E.; Gaved, M.; McAndrew, P.; Means, B.; Remold, J.; Rienties, B.; Roschelle, J.; Vogt, K.; Whitelock, D. and Yarnall, L.. (). 创新教学报告2015 —探索教学、学习与评价的新形式 [Innovating Pedagogy 2015]. 开放学习研究 [Open Learning] pp. 1-18.
Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (). #Design4Learning: Designing for the Future of Higher Education. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2016 (1) pp. 1-3.
Ras, Eric; Whitelock, Denise and Kalz, Marco (). The Promise and Potential of E-Assessment for Learning. In: Reimann, Peter; Bull, Susan; Kickmeier-Rust, Michael D.; Vatrapu, Ravi and Wasson, Barbara eds. Measuring and Visualising Learning in the Information-Rich Classroom London: Routledge, pp. 21-40.
Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise and Mittelmeier, Jenna. (). Does the Quality and Quantity of Exam Revision Impact on Student Satisfaction and Performance in the Exam Itself?: Perspectives from Undergraduate Distance Learners. In: EDULEARN16 Proceedings, IATED Academy, 5052-5061.
Rogaten, Jekaterina; Rienties, Bart; Whitelock, Denise; Cross, Simon and Littlejohn, Allison. (). A multi-level longitudinal analysis of 80,000 online learners: Affective-Behaviour-Cognition models of learning gains. In: Emerging Methodologies in Educational Research: Book of Abstracts, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 25.
Rogaten, Jekaterina; Whitelock, Denise and Rienties, Bart. (). Assessing learning gains. In: Technology Enhanced Assessment, 117-132.
2015
Sharples, Mike; Adams, Anne; Alozie, N; Ferguson, Rebecca; FitzGerald, Elizabeth; Gaved, Mark; McAndrew, Patrick; Means, B; Remold, J; Rienties, Bart; Roschelle, J; Vogt, K; Whitelock, Denise and Yarnall, L (). Innovating Pedagogy 2015: Open University Innovation Report 4. The Open University.
Mittelmeier, Jenna; Heliot, Yingfei; Rienties, Bart and Whitelock, Denise. (). The role culture and personality play in an authentic online group learning experience. In: Proceedings of the 22nd EDINEB Conference: Critically Questioning Educational Innovation in Economics and Business: Human Interaction in a Virtualising World, EDiNEB Association, 139-149.
Simsek, Duygu; Sandor, Agnes; Buckingham Shum, Simon; Ferguson, Rebecca; De Liddo, Anna and Whitelock, Denise. (). Correlations between automated rhetorical analysis and tutors’ grades on student essays. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge, ACM, 355-359.
Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (). OpenEssayist: a supply and demand learning analytics tool for drafting academic essays. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge, ACM, 208-212.
Ferguson, Rebecca; Faulkner, Dorothy; Whitelock, Denise and Sheehy, Kieron. (). Pre-teens' informal learning with ICT and Web 2.0. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24 (2) pp. 247-265.
Richardson, John T. E.; Alden Rivers, Bethany and Whitelock, Denise. (). The role of feedback in the under-attainment of ethnic minority students: evidence from distance education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40 (4) pp. 557-573.
Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debra and Pulman, Stephen. (). Feedback on Academic Essay Writing through pre-Emptive Hints: Moving Towards "Advice for Action". In: EDEN RW8, 01 Oct 2014.
Whitelock, Denise; Thorpe, Mary and Galley, Rebecca. (). Student workload: a case study of its significance, evaluation and management at the Open University. Distance Education, 36 (2) pp. 161-176.
Whitelock, Denise (). Maximising Student Success with Automatic Formative Feedback for Both Teachers and Students. In: Ras, Eric and Joosten-ten Brinke, Desiree eds. Computer Assisted Assessment. Research into E-Assessment Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, pp. 142-148.
2014
Whitelock, Denise (). Design narrative: Open Mentor. In: Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven and Winters, Niall eds. Practical Design Patterns for Teaching and Learning with Technology Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 263-268.
Whitelock, Denise and Mellar, Harvey (). Pattern: feedback on feedback. In: Mor, Yishay; Mellar, Harvey; Warburton, Steven and Winters, Niall eds. Practical Design Patterns for Teaching and Learning with Technology Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 311-314.
Twiner, Alison; Littleton, Karen; Coffin, Caroline and Whitelock, Denise. (). Meaning making as an interactional accomplishment: a temporal analysis of intentionality and improvisation in classroom dialogue. International Journal of Educational Research, 63 pp. 94-106.
Alden Rivers, Bethany; Whitelock, Denise; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen (). Functional, frustrating and full of potential: learners' experiences of a prototype for automated essay feedback.. In: Kalz, Marco and Ras, Eric eds. Computer Assisted Assessment: Research into E-Assessment Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 40-52.
Field, Debora; Richardson, John T. E.; Pulman, Stephen; Van Labeke, Nicolas and Whitelock, Denise. (). An exploration of the features of graded student essays using domain-independent natural language processing techniques. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Alden, Bethany; Van Labeke, Nicolas; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Whitelock, Denise. (). Using student experience as a model for designing an automatic feedback system for short essays. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Cross, Simon; Whitelock, Denise and Galley, Rebecca. (). The use, role and reception of open badges as a method for formative and summative reward in two Massive Open Online Courses. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Ferguson, Rebecca and Whitelock, Denise (). Taking on different roles: how educators position themselves in MOOCs. In: Rensing, Christopher; de Freitas, Sara; Ley, Tobias and Muñoz-Merino, Pedro J. eds. Open Learning and Teaching in Educational Communities Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 562-563.
Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Van Labeke, Nicolas. (). Designing and testing visual representations of draft essays for higher education students. In: 2nd International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics, 4th Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK2014).
Whitelock, Denise; Twiner, Alison; Richardson, John T. E.; Field, Debora and Pulman, Stephen. (). OpenEssayist: real-life testing of an automated feedback system for draft essay writing. In: #design4learning: from blended learning to learning analytics in HE, 26-27 Nov 2014, Milton Keynes, UK.
2013
Van Labeke, Nicolas; Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen and Richardson, John T. E.. (). OpenEssayist: extractive summarisation and formative assessment of free-text essays. In: 1st International Workshop on Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics, 8 Apr 2013, Leuven, Belgium.
Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester and Gale, Veronica. (). e-Assessment tales: what types of literature are informing day-to-day practice?. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Recio Saucedo, Alejandra; Whitelock, Denise M.; Gilbert, Lester H.; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Gillary, Paul; Watt, Stuart and Zhang, Pei. (). Improving a tutor’s feedback assessment tool: transforming Open Mentor following two recent deployments. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Whitelock, Denise. (). CAA 2012: Pedagogy and technology: harmony and tensions. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Whitelock, Denise (). GCP18: New forms of assessment for social TEL environments. In: Fischer, Frank; Wild, Fridolin; Sutherland, Rosamund and Zirn, Lena eds. Grand Challenges in Technology Enhanced Learning: Outcomes of the 3rd Alpine Rendez-Vous. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, pp. 53-54.
Whitelock, Denise (). GCP15: evaluating informal TEL. In: Fisher, Frank; Wild, Fridolin; Sutherland, Rosamund and Zim, Lena eds. Grand Challenges in Technology Enhanced Learning: Outcomes of the 3rd Alpine Rendez-Vous Cham: Springer, pp. 47-49.
Whitelock, Denise; Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Richardson, John T. E. and Van Labeke, Nicolas. (). OpenEssayist: an automated feedback system that supports university students as they write summative essays. In: The 1st International Conference on Open Learning: Role, Challenges and Aspirations.
Field, Debora; Pulman, Stephen; Van Labeke, Nicolas; Whitelock, Denise and Richardson, John T. E.. (). Did I really mean that? Applying automatic summarisation techniques to formative feedback. In: International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP, 7-13 Sep 2013, Hissar, Bulgaria.
Van Labeke, N.; Whitelock, D; Field, D.; Pulman, S. and Richardson, J. T. E.. (). What is my essay really saying? Using extractive summarization to motivate reflection and redrafting. In: AIED Workshop in Formative Feedback in Interactive Learning, 2013, Memphis, TN.
2012
Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Gutierrez, Rufina. (). A roadmap to employ new technologies to teach science to chronically ill children. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science: Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.
Gutierrez, Rufina; Pinto, Roser and Whitelock, Denise. (). Learning the concept of scientific model by means of analysing didactical scientific Simulations. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on a Computer Based Learning in Science): Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.
Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Zhang, Pei; Gillary, Paul and Sauedo, Alejandra. (). Supporting tutors with their feedback using OpenMentor in three different UK Universities. In: CBLIS 2012 (10th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science): Learning Science in the Society of Computers, 26-29 Jun 2012, Barcelona, Spain.
Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (). Authentic assessment: What does it mean and how is it instantiated by a group of distance learning academics?. International Journal of e-Assessment, 2 (1) pp. Article 9.
Kucirkova, Natalia; Messer, David and Whitelock, Denise. (). Parents reading with their toddlers: the role of personalisation in book engagement. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 13 (4) pp. 445-470.
Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Zhang, Pei; Gillary, Paul and Saucedo, Alejandra. (). Addressing the challenges of assessment and feedback in higher education: a collaborative effort across three UK universities. In: INTED 2012 6th International Technology Education & Development Conference, 5-7 Mar 2012, Valencia, Spain.
Saucedo, Alejandra; Gillary, Paul; Hatzipanagos, Stylianos; Watt, Stuart; Whitelock, Denise M.; Zhang, Pei and Gilbert, Lester H.. (). Improving a tutor’s feedback assessment tool: transforming Open Mentor following two recent deployments. In: 2012 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, 10-11 Jul 2012, Southampton, UK.
2011
Pinto, R.; Whitelock, D. and Gutierrez, R. (). Towards a roadmap for implementing a socio-constructivist learning framework for chronically ill children to learn with their classmates while still in hospital. In: Mendez-Vilas, A. eds. Education in a technological world: communicating current and emerging research and technological efforts Formatex Research Centre, pp. 563-571.
Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (). Academics understanding of authentic assessment. In: 2011 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, Research into e-Assessment, 5/6 Jul 2011, Southampton.
Whitelock, Denise; Gilbert, Lester and Gale, Veronica. (). Technology Enhanced Assessment and Feedback: How is evidence-based literature informing practice?. In: 2011 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, Research into e-Assessment, 05-06 Jul 2011, Southampton.
Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon. (). Assessment benchmarking: accumulating and accelerating institutional know - how for best practice. International Journal of e-Assessment, 1 (1) pp. 1-10.
Whitelock, Denise and Warburton, Bill. (). Preface : CAA 2010: Computer assisted assessment: supporting student learning. International Journal of e-Assessment.
Whitelock, Denise and Cross, Simon (). 99 Measures of Assessment Processes and Practice for use in Benchmarking and Reviewing Teaching and Learning. .
Mwanza-Simwami, Daisy; Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes; Clough, Gill; Whitelock, Denise; Ferguson, Rebecca and Sharples, Mike. (). Methods and models of next generation technology enhanced learning - White Paper. In: Alpine Rendezvous 2011, 28-29 Mar 2011, La Clusaz, France.
2010
Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Saez, Marcel.la. (). Modelling the teachers' feedback process for the design of an electronic interactive science tool with automatic feedback. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 20 (2) pp. 189-207.
. (). Sharing personalised books: a practical solution to the challenges posed by home book reading interventions. Literacy Information & Computer Education Journal, 1 (3) pp. 263-272.
Cross, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (). Benchmarking assessment: breaking down barriers and building institutional understanding. In: 2010 International Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA) Conference, 20-21 Jul 2010, Southampton, UK.
Whitelock, Denise; Saez, Marcel.la and Pinto, Roser. (). Pulling all the pedagogic pieces together to provide good electronic feedback: an example from science education. In: 2010 International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference (CAA2010), 20-21 Jul 2010, Southampton, UK.
Whitelock, Denise (). Activating Assessment for Learning: Are We On the Way With WEB 2.0?. In: Lee, Mark J. W. and McLoughlin, Catherine eds. Web 2.0-Based-E-Learning: Applying Social Informatics for Tertiary Teaching IGI Global, pp. 319-342.
Twiner, Alison; Coffin, Caroline; Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (). Multimodality, orchestration and participation in the context of classroom use of the interactive whiteboard: a discussion. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 19 (2) pp. 211-223.
Hench, Thomas and Whitelock, Denise (). Towards a model for evaluating student learning via e-assessment. In: Zacharia, Zacharias; Constantinou, Constantinos and Papaevripidou, Marios eds. Computer Based Learning in Science, Conference Proceedings 2010 Warsaw, Poland: OEIiZK, pp. 15-21.
Whitelock, Denise; Pinto, Roser and Saez, Marcella (). Supporting science studies for children with long term health problems using Nefreduca. In: Zacharia, Zacharias; Constantinou, Constantinos and Papaevripidou, Marios eds. Computer Based Learning in Science, Conference Proceedings 2010 Warsaw, Poland: OEIiZK, pp. 239-249.
Ferguson, Rebecca; Whitelock, Denise and Littleton, Karen. (). Improvable objects and attached dialogue: new literacy practices employed by learners to build knowledge together in asynchronous settings. Digital Culture & Education, 2 (1) pp. 103-123.
2009
Whitelock, Denise. (). e-Assessment: developing new dialogues for the digital age. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40 (2) pp. 199-202.
2008
Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (). Reframing e-assessment: adopting new media and adapting oldframeworks. Learning, Media and Technology, 33 (3) pp. 151-154.
Whitelock, Denise M.; Faulkner, Dorothy and Miell, Dorothy E.. (). Promoting creativity in PhD supervision: Tensions and dilemmas. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3 (2) pp. 143-153.
Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart (). Putting Pedagogy in the driving seat with Open Comment: an open source formative assessment feedback and guidance tool for History Students. In: Khandia, Farzana eds. Proceedings of the 12th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 347-356.
Whitelock, Denise M. (). Accelerating the assessment agenda: thinking outside the black box. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
2007
Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (). Open mentor: Supporting tutors with their feedback to students. In: 11th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference: Research into e-Assessment, 10-11 Jul 2007, Loughborough, UK.
Ruedel, Cornelia; Whitelock, Denise and Mackenzie, Don (). Key Factors for Effective Organisation of e-Assessment. In: Khandia, Farzana eds. Proceedings of the 11th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 357-370.
Knightley, Wendy M and Whitelock, Denise M. (). Assessing the self-esteem of female undergraduate students: an issue of methodology. Educational Studies, 33 (2) pp. 217-231.
Whitelock, Denise and Watt, Stuart. (). E-assessment: how can we support tutors with their marking of electronically submitted assignments?. Ad-Lib, Journal for Continuing Liberal Adult Education pp. 7-8.
Hennessy, Sara; Wishart, Jocelyn; Whitelock, Denise; Deaney, Rosemary; Brawn, Richard; la Velle, Linda; McFarlane, Angela; Ruthven, Kenneth and Winterbottom, Mark. (). Pedagogical approaches for technology-integrated science teaching. Computers and Education, 48 (1) pp. 137-152.
Whitelock, Denise M. (). Computer assisted formative assessment: supporting students to become more reflective learners. In: Constantinou, Constantinos P.; Zacharia, Zacharias C. and Papaevripidou, Marios. eds. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science (CBLIS '07) Crete, Greece: E-Media, University of Crete, pp. 492-504.
2006
Whitelock, Denise M; Mackenzie, Don; Whitehouse, Christine; Ruedel, Cornelia and Rae, Simon (). Identifying innovative and effective practice in e-assessment: findings from seventeen UK case studies. In: Danson, Myles eds. Proceedings of the 10th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 505-511.
Whitelock, Denise M. and Brasher, Andrew (). Developing a Roadmap for e-Assessment: Which Way Now?. In: Danson, Myles eds. Proceedings of the 10th CAA International Computer Assisted Assessment Conference Loughborough, UK: Professional Development, Loughborough University, pp. 487-501.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Electronic assessment: marking, monitoring and mediating learning. International Journal of Learning Technology, 2 (2-3) pp. 264-276.
2005
Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (). The negotiation and co-construction of meaning and understanding within a postgraduate online learning community. Learning, Media and Technology, 30 (2) pp. 147-164.
Whitelock, Denise and Jelfs, Anne. (). 'Would you rather collect data in the rain or attend a virtual field trip?': Findings from a series of virtual science field studies. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 15 (1-2) pp. 121-131.
Whitelock, D.; Littleton, K.; Miell, D.; LeVoi, M. and Wegerif, R.. (). Exploring the social dimension of teaching and learning in online courses: issues and methods. In: CAL'05 Virtual Learning?, Apr 2005, University of Bristol, UK.
2004
Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise. (). Guiding the creation of knowledge and understanding in a Virtual Learning Environment. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7 (2) pp. 173-181.
Craft, A; Miell, D; Vass, E; Whitelock, D; Littleton, K; Joubert, M and Murphy, P (). Ignite! Fellowship Programme for Young People: A Research Study. National Endownment for Science Technology and the Arts (NESTA), London, UK.
2003
Whitelock, Denise and Raw, Yvonne (). Taking an electronic mathematics examination from home: what the students think. In: Constantinou, C and Zacharia, Z eds. New technologies and their applications in education Nicosia, Cyprus: Department of Educational Sciences, University of Cyprus, pp. 701-713.
Whitelock, Denise; Watt, Stuart; Raw, Yvonne and Moreale, Emanuela. (). Analysing tutor feedback to students: first steps towards constructing an electronic monitoring system. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 11 (3) pp. 31-42.
Littleton, Karen and Whitelock, Denise (). Creating meaning through a community of collaborative learners. In: Mason, Lucia; Andreuzza, Silvia; Arfè, Barbara and Del Favero, Laura eds. 10th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction Padova: Cooperativa Libraria Editrice Università di Padova, pp. 57.
2000
Jelfs, Anne and Whitelock, Denise. (). The notion of presence in virtual learning environments: what makes the environment "real". British Journal of Educational Technology, 31 (2) pp. 145-152.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Frameworks for the evaluation of multimedia learning technologies: lessons learned and future directions?. Pesquisa em Educacao em Ciencias, 2 (1) pp. 57-74.
Whitelock, Denise; Romano, Daniela; Jelfs, Anne and Brna, Paul. (). Perfect presence: what does this mean for the design of virtual learning environments?. Education and Information Technologies, 5 (4) pp. 277-289.
1999
Debenham, Margaret; Whitelock, Denise M.; Fung, Pat and Emms, Judy M.. (). Online educational counselling for students with special needs: building rapport. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal, 7 (1) pp. 19-25.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Investigating the role of task structure and interface support in two virtual learning environments. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 9 (3/4) pp. 291-301.
1998
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Changing roles: Comparing face to face and on-line teaching in the light of new technologies. European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning.
Whitelock, Denise and Scanlon, Eileen. (). The roles of gaze, gesture and gender in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 14 (2) pp. 158-165.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). What are the perceived benefits of participating in a computer-mediated communication (CMC) environment for distance learning computer science students?. Computers and Education, 30 (3-4) pp. 259-269.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Monitoring the on-line behaviour of distance learning students. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 14 (2) pp. 91-99.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Is it sustainable? A comparison of student and tutor online time across three distance-learning courses. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 6 (1) pp. 25-31.
Whitelock, Denise. (). Supporting the learner in virtual field trips: the importance of feedback. Life Sciences Educational Computing, 9 (3) pp. 16-17.
1997
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Hijacking hypermedia and other highways to learn computer science on a distance-learning course. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal, 5 (2) pp. 52-58.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Opening up horizons: Providing on-line course material in cyberspace. Displays, 17 (3-4) pp. 153-165.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Come lo hanno usato? Il coinvolgimento degli studenti di informatica in un ambiente CMC creato per l'apprendimento a distanza. Tecnologie Didattiche pp. 15-20.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Monitoring a CMC environment created for distance learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 13 (4) pp. 253-260.
1996
Whitelock, Denise; Brna, Paul and Holland, Simon. (). What is the Value of Virtual Reality for Conceptual Learning? Towards a Theoretical Framework. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Edições Colibri, Lisboa, Portugal, 136-141.
Wilson, Tina and Whitelock, Denise. (). Piloting a new approach: Making use of new technology to present a distance lerning computer science course?. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 4 (1) pp. 58-68.
Whitelock, Denise; Scanlon, Eileen and Taylor, Josie. (). The influence of audio communications technology on computer-supported collaborative learning. ALT-J: Research in Learning Technology, 4 (1) pp. 77-84.
1995
Whitelock, Denise; Holland, Simon and Howard, Patricia. (). Understanding harmony and technology in music education. In: Proceedings of the ICTE 1995: the 12th International Conference on Technology and Education, University of Texas, Texas, 382-384.
1994
Howard, Patricia; Holland, Simon and Whitelock, Denise. (). Sound investments: some applications of computers in music teaching, and a revolutionary new program. The Musical Times, 135 (1817) pp. 467-471.
1993
Whitelock, Denise; Taylor, Josie; O'Shea, Tim; Scanlon, Eileen; Clark, Paul and O'Malley, Clare. (). Challenging models of elastic collisions with a computer simulation. Computers and Education, 20 (1) pp. 1-9.
1992
Whitelock, Denise. (). Understanding children's common-sense reasoning about motion. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 8 (1) pp. 57-58.
Whitelock, Denise and Holland, Simon. (). Virtual Worlds and their Role in Investigating Change in Cognitive Models of Motion. In: IEE Colloquium on Using Virtual Worlds, IET, 2/1-2/5.
1991
Whitelock, Denise. (). Investigating a model of commonsense thinking about causes of motion with 7 to 16-year-old pupils. International Journal of Science Education, 13 (3) pp. 321-340.
1989
Bliss, Joan; Ogborn, John and Whitelock, Denise. (). Secondary school pupils' commonsense theories of motion. International Journal of Science Education, 11 (3) pp. 261-272.
Media appearances
£6m EU project aims to stamp out cheating in online assessments
An adaptive trust-based e-assessment system for learning (TeSLA). The project aim is to define and develop an e-assessment system that ensures learner authentication and authorship in online and blended learning environments while avoiding the time and space limitations of place-based examination.
Times Higher Educational Supplement | 14th April 2016
e-Assessment Research
THE No. 1,777, article by Harriet Swain, 2007
Times Higher Educational Supplement | 20th November 2007
Expert view on video conferencing system
Appeared on Channel 5 News in the role of an I.T. expert commenting on a new video conferencing system produced by Manchester University for teaching at a distance
Channel 5 television, 2000 | 5th April 2000
Awards
Best conference Paper
Computer Assisted Assessment Conference (CAA13), Southampton
Best conference paper
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Conference (CSCL95), Indiana
Best Research paper
EDEN Research Workshop, Oxford
Projects
Research programmes
Professional memberships
- Association of Learning Technologists